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"Make America Great Again" or MAGA ()[a] is a campaign slogan used in American politics popularized by Donald Trump in his successful 2016 presidential entrada. Ronald Reagan used the similar slogan "Let's Brand America Great Again" in his successful 1980 presidential campaign. Bill Clinton likewise used the phrase in speeches during his successful 1992 presidential campaign and used it once again in a radio commercial aired for his wife Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful 2008 presidential principal campaign. Douglas Schoen has called Trump'due south employ of the phrase "probably the most resonant campaign slogan in recent history", citing majorities of Americans who believed that the state was in decline.[two] [3]
The slogan became a pop civilisation phenomenon, seeing widespread use and spawning numerous variants in the arts, entertainment and politics, being used past those who support and oppose the presidency of Donald Trump.
Since its popularization in the 2010s, the slogan is considered a loaded phrase. Multiple analytic journalists, scholars, and commentators link it to racism in the United States, regarding information technology as canis familiaris-whistle politics and coded language.[iv] [5] [half-dozen] [seven] The slogan was also at the eye of 2 events originally reported inaccurately in nearly media outlets, the Jussie Smollett detest crime hoax and the January 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[8] [nine] [10] [11]
Use before Donald Trump [edit]
Alexander Wiley [edit]
The phrase was first used by Republican senator Alexander Wiley in a speech at the third session of the 76th Us Congress in apprehension of the 1940 U.s. presidential election: "What is the way? Here is America. In that location are 130,000,000 of us. America needs a leader who tin can coordinate labor, upper-case letter, and direction; who can requite the man of enterprise encouragement, who can give them the spirit which will afford vision. That will make America great once more."[12]
Barry Goldwater [edit]
The slogan was found in some advertisement associated with Barry Goldwater's unsuccessful 1964 presidential entrada.[xiii]
Ronald Reagan [edit]
"Let's brand America bang-up again" was famously used in Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign. At the time the United States was suffering from a worsening economy at domicile marked by stagflation and Reagan, using the country's economic distress as a springboard for his campaign, used the slogan to stir a sense of patriotism amidst the electorate.[xiv] [15] [16] [17] Within his acceptance speech communication at the 1980 Republican National Convention, Reagan said, "For those without job opportunities, we'll stimulate new opportunities, particularly in the inner cities where they live. For those who've abandoned hope, we'll restore promise and nosotros'll welcome them into a slap-up national crusade to brand America great again."[18] [xix]
Bill Clinton [edit]
The phrase was also used in speeches[20] by Bill Clinton during his 1992 presidential campaign.[21] Clinton too used the phrase in a radio commercial aired for Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential primary campaign.[22]
During the 2016 electoral entrada, Clinton suggested that Trump's version, used as a campaign rallying cry, was a message to white Southerners that Trump was promising to "give yous an economy you had l years ago, and... move y'all support on the social totem pole and other people down."[23]
Christine O'Donnell [edit]
Christine O'Donnell'southward book most her unsuccessful 2010 bid as the Republican nominee for a U.s.a. Senate seat in Delaware was published by St. Martin'southward Printing on August sixteen, 2011, as Troublemaker: Let's Do What It Takes to Brand America Great Once more.[24]
Apply by Donald Trump [edit]
In Dec 2011, Trump made a argument in which he said he was unwilling to rule out running as a presidential candidate in the future, explaining "I must leave all of my options open because, above all else, we must brand America great again."[25] Also in Dec 2011, he published a volume using equally a subtitle the similar phrase "Making America #ane Again" – which in a 2015 reissue was changed to "Make America Great Over again!"[26]
On January i, 2012, a group of Trump supporters filed paperwork with the Texas Secretary of Country's office to create the "Make America Great Once more Political party", which would have allowed Trump to exist that political party's nominee if he had decided to become a third-party candidate in the 2012 presidential ballot.[27] Trump himself began using the slogan formally on November 7, 2012, the day after Barack Obama won his reelection against Hand Romney. By his ain account, Trump first considered "Nosotros Will Make America Great", but did not experience like it had the right "band" to it. "Make America Bang-up" was his next slogan idea, only upon further reflection, he felt that it was a slight to America because it implied that America was never smashing. After selecting "Brand America Great Once more", Trump immediately had an attorney annals information technology. (Trump later said he was unaware of Reagan'south use in 1980 until 2015, but noted that "he didn't trademark it.")[28] On November 12 he signed an application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office requesting exclusive rights to utilize the slogan for political purposes. Information technology was registered every bit a service mark on July 14, 2015, later Trump formally began his 2016 presidential campaign and demonstrated that he was using the slogan for the purpose stated on the application.[29] [28] [30] Trump used the slogan in public as early every bit August 2013, in an interview with Jonathan Karl.[31]
During the 2016 campaign, Trump often used the slogan, peculiarly by wearing hats emblazoned with the phrase in white messages, which presently became popular among his supporters.[32] The slogan was so important to the campaign that at ane point information technology spent more on making the hats – sold for $25 each on its website – than on polling, consultants, or television commercials. Millions were sold, and Trump estimated that counterfeit versions outnumbered the real hat ten to ane. "...just it was a slogan, and every fourth dimension somebody buys one, that's an advertisement."[28]
Following Trump's ballot, the website of his presidential transition was established at greatagain.gov.[33] Trump said in 2017 and 2018 that the slogan of his 2020 reelection campaign would be "Keep America Great" and he sought to trademark it.[28] [34] Notwithstanding, Trump's 2020 campaign continued to employ the "Make America Peachy Again" slogan.[35] Trump'due south vice president, Mike Pence, used the phrase "make America great once again, again" in his 2020 Republican National Convention oral communication, garnering ridicule and comparisons to the catchphrase "again-again" from Teletubbies.[36] [37] In belatedly 2021, this phrase became the name of a pro-Trump Super-PAC, which was as well mocked.[38]
A 2020 executive lodge, titled "Promoting Beautiful Federal Civic Architecture," was nicknamed "Make Federal Buildings Beautiful Once more" past proponents and the press.[39] [40] [41]
Less than a week after Trump left office, he spoke to advisors about possibly establishing a tertiary party, which he suggested might be named either the "Patriot Party" or "Make America Nifty Once again Party". In his get-go few days out of office, he also supported Arizona state party chairwoman Kelli Ward, who likewise called for the cosmos of a "MAGA Party". In tardily January 2021, the former president viewed the proposed MAGA Party every bit leverage to preclude Republican senators from voting to captive him during the Senate impeachment trial, and to field challengers to Republicans who voted for his impeachment in the House.[42] [43]
[edit]
Donald Trump took the entrada slogan to social media (primarily to Twitter), using the hashtags #makeamericagreatagain and its acronym #maga. In response to criticism regarding his frequent and untraditional usage of social media, Trump defended himself past tweeting "My employ of social media is non Presidential – it'south Modernistic DAY PRESIDENTIAL. Make America Corking Again!" on July 1, 2017.[44]
In the first half of 2017, Trump repeated his slogan on Twitter 33 times.[45] In an commodity for Bloomberg News, Mark Whitehouse noted "A regression analysis suggests the phrase adds (very roughly) 51,000 to a post'southward retweet-and-favorite count, which is important given that the boilerplate Trump tweet attracts a total of 107,000."[45]
Trump attributed his victory (in part) to social media when he said "I won the 2016 ballot with interviews, speeches, and social media."[46] According to RiteTag,[47] the estimated hourly statistics for #maga on Twitter alone include: 1,304 unique tweets, 5,820,000 hashtag exposure, and 3,424 retweets with 14% of #maga tweets including images, 55% including links, and 51% including mentions.[47]
Donald Trump set upward his Twitter account in March 2009. His follower-count increased significantly post-obit the announcement (June xvi, 2015) of his intention to run for president in the 2016 presidential election, with particularly notable spikes occurring afterward his securing the Republican Political party nomination (May 3, 2016) and after winning the presidency.[48]
Accusations of racism [edit]
Regarding its use since 2015, it is considered a loaded phrase. Marissa Melton, a Voice of America journalist, amongst others,[5] [half dozen] explained how it is a loaded phrase because information technology "doesn't just appeal to people who hear it every bit racist coded language, but also to those who have felt a loss of condition as other groups have go more empowered."[4] As Sarah Churchwell explains, the slogan at present resonates as America Commencement did in the early on 1940s, with the idea "that the true version of America is the America that looks like me, the American fantasy I imagine existed before information technology was diluted with other races and other people."[49]
Writing opinion for the Los Angeles Times, Robin Abcarian wrote that "[w]earing a 'Brand America Peachy Again' chapeau is not necessarily an overt expression of racism. Merely if you wear i, it's a pretty skillful indication that yous share, admire or capeesh President Trump's racist views almost Mexicans, Muslims and border walls."[6] The Detroit Free Printing and the Los Angeles Times reported how several of their readers rejected this characterization and did not believe the slogan or MAGA hats are evidence of racism, seeing them more in patriotic or American nationalist terms.[50] [51] Nicholas Goldberg described the slogan as "fabulous", writing: "It was vague plenty to appeal to optimists generally, while leaving enough of room for biting and resentful voters to conclude that we were finally going dorsum to the days when they ran the earth."[52] Polling has shown that nigh ten percent of black voters identified as Trump supporters,[53] [ non-master source needed ] while most thirty pct of Hispanic voters identified as Trump supporters.[54] [ improve source needed ]
Australian political commentator and old Liberal party leader John Hewson writes in January 2018 that he believes the contempo global movements confronting traditional politics and politicians are based on racism and prejudice. He comments: "There should be lilliputian doubt about U.s. President Donald Trump's views on race, despite his occasional 'denials', assertions of 'fake news', and/or his semantic distinctions. His election campaign theme was effectively a promise to 'Make America Great Once again; America First and Only' and—nod, nod, wink, flash—to Make America White Once more."[55]
Apply by others [edit]
In politics [edit]
Political commentator and author Peter Beinart published a 2006 book titled The Good Fight: Why Liberals – and Only Liberals – Tin Win the War on Terror and Make America Great Over again [56] drawing on the philosophy of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr after the Invasion of Iraq and early years of the State of war on Terror. In 2011, Christine O'Donnell published a book nigh her Republican Senate entrada in the 2010 Delaware special ballot titled Troublemaker: Let'due south Do What Information technology Takes To Make America Swell Again.[57]
After Donald Trump popularized the use of the phrase, the phrase and modifications of it were widely used in reference both to his election campaign and to his politics. Trump's primary opponents, Ted Cruz and Scott Walker, began using "Make America Great Once again" in speeches, inciting Trump to send cease-and-desist messages to them.[28] Cruz later sold hats featuring, "Brand Trump Debate Once again", in response to Trump's boycotting the Iowa January 28, 2016, debate.[58] The phrase has also been parodied in political statements, such as "Brand America Mexico Again", a critique of Trump's immigration policies regarding the U.South.–Mexico border.[59] [60]
During remarks at the White Business firm on May 4, 2022, President Biden referred to former President Trump's "Make America Great Again" movement, proverb, "This MAGA crowd is actually the almost extreme political organization that's existed in American history, in recent American history."[61]
Employ by political rivals [edit]
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said America "was never that bang-up" during a September 2018 bill signing.[62] [63] Erstwhile U.s. Attorney General Eric Holder questioned the slogan in a March 2019 interview on MSNBC, request: "Exactly when did you call up America was great?"[64] [65] During John McCain's memorial service on September one, 2018, his daughter Meghan stated: "The America of John McCain has no need to be made great again considering America was always not bad."[66] Trump afterwards tweeted "Brand AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!" later that day.[67]
Use by hate groups [edit]
A 2018 study using text mining and semantic network analytics of Twitter text and hashtags networks found that the "#MakeAmericaGreatAgain" and "#MAGA" hashtags were commonly used past white supremacist and white nationalist users, and had been used as "an organizing discursive infinite" for far-correct extremists globally.[68] Other permutations include "Make America White Over again"[69] and the nonsense phrase "GAWA."
Other countries [edit]
In June 2017, Emmanuel Macron, President of France, rebuked Trump over withdrawing from the Paris Agreement. The terminal sentence of the speech delivered by him was "make our planet great again."[seventy]
During his campaign for the 2019 Indonesian presidential election in Oct 2018, former opposition leader Prabowo Subianto used the phrase "brand Indonesia great again", though he denied having copied Trump.[71]
During the Swedish European Parliament election in May 2019, the Swedish Christian Autonomous Party used the slogan "Make EU Lagom Again".[72] [73]
Members of the Fridays for Future Movement accept ofttimes used slogans like "Make Earth Greta Again", referring to activist Greta Thunberg.[74] In 2019, Grant Armour and Milene Larsson co-directed a documentary moving picture named Make the Earth Greta Once again.[75]
The Castilian right party VOX used every bit slogan "Hacer a España grande otra vez", or "Make Spain Bully Again".[76] [77]
In popular culture [edit]
The phrase and its variants are widely used and parodied in media.
Adult entertainment [edit]
- Adult film star Stormy Daniels, who allegedly had an matter with President Trump, took office in a "Make America Horny Again" strip lodge bout. The tour followed Trump's initial 2016 entrada trail and part of the revenue was donated to Planned Parenthood.[78]
Advertising [edit]
- A Douse-a-roos marketing campaign used the slogan "Make America Dunk Again".[79]
Artwork [edit]
- Make Everything Great Once again was a street art mural past creative person Mindaugas Bonanu in Vilnius, Lithuania.[80] [81]
One-act [edit]
- Comedian David Cross's 2016 stand-upwards tour was titled "Making America Peachy Again".[82]
Conventions and events [edit]
- In 2016, two Dragon Con cosplayers claiming an clan with Adult Swim and Cartoon Network, and dressed as the Earth Trade Center during the September 11 attacks, wore "Make FishCenter Great Again" hats.[83] [84] [85]
Fashion [edit]
- Style Designer Andre Soriano used the "Brand America Great Again" Official presidential campaign Flag to design a MAGA Gown for celebrities in Hollywood to habiliment on Scarlet Carpet eastward.g. 2017 Grammy Awards.[86]
Films [edit]
- In Hot Fuzz (2007), Inspector Frank Butterman says "Make Sandford Peachy Again" to Sergeant Nicholas Affections.[87]
- In Holmes & Watson (2018), Sherlock Holmes wears a "Make England Great Again" fez hat in one scene.[88]
- The Syfy film Sharknado five: Global Swarming (2017) was released with the tagline "Make America Allurement Again".[89]
- The tagline for The Purge: Election Twelvemonth (2016) is "Keep America Great" (a phrase Trump would later use equally his 2020 campaign slogan); one of the TV spots for the film featured Americans who explained why they back up the Purge, with 1 stating he does and so "to keep my land [America] bang-up".[90] The next film in the franchise, The First Purge, was afterward advertised with a poster featuring its title stylized on a MAGA lid.[91]
- The character Paul in Da 5 Bloods is an avid Trump supporter and sports a MAGA hat throughout the film.[92]
Games [edit]
- In Assassin's Creed Odyssey (2018), Cleon says "Make Athens Great Again" during his campaign against Pericles.
- In the video game Mortal Kombat 11 (2019), Shao Kahn urges Mortal Kombat11 newcomer Kollector to "make Outworld corking again".
- The video game Wolfenstein: The New Colossus (2017) used "Make America Nazi-Free Over again" in its marketing entrada.[93]
- In Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance (2013), Senator Steven Armstrong uses the phrase "Brand America Great Again" during his speech while contesting Raiden.[94]
- In Hitman 2 (2018 video game), an elusive targed named Vincente Murillo is shown doing a circulate under the slogan Haz que Republic of colombia ocean grande otra vez .[95]
Music [edit]
- Fall Out Male child released a remix of their album American Beauty/American Psycho titled Make America Psycho Again.[96]
- Rapper Kevin Gates released a vocal in 2018 called One thousand.A.T.A, significant Make America Trap Again.[97]
- Make America Rock Again was a rock concert bout.[98]
- Rap rock supergroup Prophets of Rage, consisting of members of Rage Against the Machine, Public Enemy and Cypress Hill, called their 2017 nationwide bout the "Make America Rage Once more Tour", using a stage properties reminiscent of a MAGA hat.
- UK musician and author James Kennedy released a stone protest album in 2020 chosen 'Make Anger Groovy Again'[99]
- Snoop Dogg released a song titled "Brand America Crip Once more".[100]
- Frank Turner released a vocal called "Make America Great Over again" on his album Exist More than Kind (2018).
- Singer Joy Villa produced a single "Make America Bang-up Again" a few months after appearing at the 2017 Grammy Awards in a 'MAGA' dress.[101]
- Rapper Lil Wayne wore a lid proverb Make America Skate again in Chance the Rapper's video No Problem
- Hip Hop Producer Zaytoven released an album titled Make America Trap Over again (2019), with cover art inspired by the Barack Obama "Promise" poster.[102]
- Russian activists and artists Pussy Riot released a vocal titled Make America Great Over again.[103]
- Metallic band Thy Art Is Murder released a song chosen "Make America Detest Again" on their album Human Target (2019). They also sell a hat with the slogan "Make Deathcore Great Again".
Sports [edit]
- Then-Washington Nationals baseball outfielder Bryce Harper wore a hat maxim "Make Baseball Fun Once more" during a postgame interview in 2016.
Books and Publications [edit]
- Author Octavia E. Butler used "Make America Dandy Once more" equally the presidential campaign slogan for a graphic symbol, Andrew Steele Jarret, in her 1998 dystopian novel, Parable of the Talents.[104] Jarret is described as "a demagogue, a rabble-rouser, and a hypocrite [who] pulled faith and government together and cemented the link with money from rich businessmen".[105]
- Author Andre Louis wrote and published "Make America Date Again",[106] a satirical book on dating and relationships.
Television [edit]
- John Oliver spoofed the slogan on his prove Last Calendar week Tonight with John Oliver in a segment dedicated to Trump, urging viewers to "Make Donald Drumpf Again", in reference to the original ancestral name of the Trump family.[107] [108] The segment broke HBO viewership records, garnering 85 million views.[108]
- In the South Park episode "Where My Country Gone?" (2015), supporters of Mr. Garrison, who runs a entrada that is a parody of Trump'due south, are seen holding signs bearing the slogan.[109]
- In the Star Trek: Discovery episode "What's Past Is Prologue" (2018), Gabriel Lorca vows to "make the Empire glorious again", a line that was compared to Trump by many reviewers.[110] [111] [112] [113]
Notes [edit]
- ^ Pronunciation used by Trump.[ane]
References [edit]
- ^ The Telegraph (May xxx, 2020). Donald Trump: 'MAGA loves the black people' responding to race protests (YouTube video). Effect occurs at 0:00.
- ^ Schoen, Douglas (April 8, 2016). "Donald Trump saw what politicians ignored. And then he disrupted American politics". Pull a fast one on News . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
- ^ Edwards-Levy, Ariel (November eighteen, 2015). "Americans Aren't Sure Annihilation In America Works Anymore". Huff Post . Retrieved November five, 2018.
- ^ a b Melton, Marissa (August 31, 2017). "Is 'Make America Great Once again' Racist?". Voice of America. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
- ^ a b Shamus, Kristen Jordan (January 24, 2019). "MAGA hats: Trump campaign swag or symbols of hate?". Detroit Complimentary Printing . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
- ^ a b c Abcarian, Robin (February 5, 2019). "MAGA hats and blackface are different forms of expression, simply they share a certain unfortunate DNA". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved Oct 25, 2020.
- ^ Rebecca Solnit (2018). Call Them by Their Truthful Names: American Crises (and Essays). Haymarket Books.
Trump's slogan, 'Make America smashing once more', seemed to invoke a render to a Never Never Land of white male supremacy, where coal was an awesome fuel, blueish-color manufacturing jobs were what they had been in 1956, women belong in the home, and the needs of white men were paramount.
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- ^ Flanagan, Caitlin (January 23, 2019). "The Media Botched the Covington Catholic Story". The Atlantic . Retrieved September 15, 2021.
- ^ "A Year Ago, the Media Mangled the Covington Catholic Story. What Happened Adjacent Was Even Worse". Reason.com. January 21, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2021.
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- ^ "Goldwater Yes! [advertizement]". Lake Sentinel. Orlando, FL. August 2, 1964. p. iii.
He will exist elected by local people who want to regain their lost freedoms and make America great again
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- ^ Margolin, Emma (September 9, 2016). "Who really offset came up with the phrase 'Make America Great Again'?". NBC News . Retrieved September x, 2016.
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- ^ Kaczynski, Andrew (January 18, 2017). "Trump was saying 'Make America Great Over again' long earlier he claims he thought information technology up". CNN.com. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
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- ^ Smith, Allan (November 10, 2016). "'Great again': Donald Trump'due south .gov website is now alive". Concern Insider . Retrieved November 12, 2016.
- ^ Alex Seitz-Wald (March eleven, 2018). "'Keep America Swell': Later twelvemonth in office, Trump unveils 2020 campaign slogan". NBC News.
- ^ Kumar, Anita (May twenty, 2020). "Trump tries on MAGA two.0 for a pandemic era". Politician. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
- ^ "2 weeks of finger-pointing and spectacle leave two Americas disunited, other convention takeaways". August 28, 2020. Archived from the original on Baronial 28, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
- ^ Hall, Louise (August 25, 2020). "Mike Pence mocked for spin on Trump election slogan". The Independent . Retrieved December 31, 2021.
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: CS1 maint: url-condition (link) - ^ Bremner, Jade (October 5, 2021). "Trump ridiculed for proper name of new PAC: Make America Great Again, Again". The Independent . Retrieved Jan i, 2022.
{{cite spider web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Pengelly, Martin (February 4, 2020). "Trump wants to 'Make Federal Buildings Beautiful Again' with neoclassical order". The Guardian . Retrieved May 14, 2022.
- ^ Ferguson, Andrew (February 20, 2020). "Trump'south Beautiful Proposal for Federal Architecture". The Atlantic . Retrieved May 14, 2022.
- ^ Dafoe, Taylor (Feb 26, 2021). "Joe Biden Has Revoked Trump's Executive Order Mandating Classical-Only Architecture for Federal Buildings, Restoring 'Freedom of Design'". Artnet . Retrieved May 14, 2022.
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- ^ a b "#maga Hashtag Analytics". RiteTag . Retrieved July 18, 2018.
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- ^ Bradford Richardson (January 27, 2016). "Cruz sells 'Make Trump Argue Again' hats". TheHill.com . Retrieved January 27, 2016.
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- ^ "Holder to Trump: 'Exactly when did yous think America was bully?'". MSNBC. March 28, 2019. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
Holder also discusses the Trump slogan of 'Make America Great Again', posing the question: 'when did you think America was keen?'
- ^ Norman, Greg (March 28, 2019). "Eric Holder goes on MAGA attack: 'Exactly when did you call up America was great?'". Fox News . Retrieved April thirty, 2019.
- ^ Kane, Paul; Pogrund, Gabriel; Itkowitz, Colby (September 1, 2018). "'America was e'er slap-up': Meghan McCain rebukes Trump". The Washington Post . Retrieved Nov v, 2018.
- ^ Donald Trump [@realDonaldTrump] (September 2, 2018). "MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!" (Tweet). Retrieved September 2, 2018 – via Twitter.
- ^ Sean 1000. Eddington (2018). "The Communicative Constitution of Hate Organizations Online: A Semantic Network Assay of "Brand America Corking Again"". Social Media + Lodge. 4 (3). doi:x.1177/2056305118790763.
- ^ Evon, Dan (June 22, 2016). "Fauxtography: Make America White Over again". Snopes . Retrieved May 15, 2022.
- ^ "Macron: 'Make our planet nifty once more'". BBC News . Retrieved January 18, 2018.
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External links [edit]
- Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again
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